Northern Iberia 800-1000

Northern Iberia at the end of the first millenium is a fascinating subject. At the cusp of the crusades it offers a window into a contested time period, when the Muslims retracted and the Christians conquered the South. New book offers a study of the kind of society which inherited the Late Roman Past

Windows on Justice in Northern Iberia, 800–1000
By Wendy Davies
Routledge 2019

ABSTRACT

Although it has a rich historiography, and from the late ninth century is rich in textual evidence, northern Iberia has barely featured in the great debates of early medieval European history of recent generations. Lying beyond the Frankish world, in a peninsula more than half controlled by Muslims, Spanish and Portuguese experience has seemed irrelevant to the Carolingian Empire and the political fragmentation (or realignment) that followed it. But Spain and Portugal shared the late Roman heritage which influenced much of western Europe in the early middle ages and by the tenth century records and practice in the Christian north still shared features with parts farther east.

What is interesting, in the wider European context, is that some of the so-called characteristics of the Carolingian world – the public court, collective judgment – are as characteristic of the Iberian world. The suggestion that they disappeared in the Frankish world, to be replaced by ‘private’ mechanisms, has played a major role in debates about the changing nature of power in the central middle ages: what happened in judicial courts has been central to the grand narratives of Duby and successive historians, for they are a powerful lens into the very real issues of politics and power. Looking at the practice of judicial courts in Europe west of Frankia allows us to think again about the nature of the public; identifying all the records of that practice allows us to adjust the balance between monastic and lay activity. What these show is that peasants, like other lay people, used the courts to seek redress and gain advantages.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR: 

Wendy Davies, FBA, is Professor Emerita of History at University College London, UK